How to make pellet organic fertilizer products?

The invention relates to the field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a granular organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background technology:

In recent years, the input of chemical fertilizer has increased greatly. Due to the single nutrient type, long-term application of chemical fertilizer can easily lead to unbalanced nutrients in soil and food, resulting in nutrient loss, pollution of the environment, and improper application will reduce the quality of agricultural products. Long-term large-scale application of chemical fertilizers will inhibit the activities of soil microorganisms, resulting in a decline in the ability of soil self-regulation. Therefore, although chemical fertilizers contain high single nutrients and use less, long-term application of chemical fertilizers is not advisable under the increasing attention to the needs of the living environment. Therefore, the development of organic fertilizers is of great importance. Significance.

Farm wastes – Ideal materials

Farmyard manure is the accumulation of pig manure, pig, cattle, sheep and other excrement and human excrement, and the organic fertilizer is accumulated. The source of farm manure is wider and its cost is lower. The nutrient content of farm manure is more comprehensive, its fertilizer efficiency is stable and lasting. In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, farm manure also contains calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron and various trace elements, as well as some substances that can stimulate root growth and all kinds of beneficial soil microorganisms. Agricultural fertilizer can improve soil structure, which is rich in humic acid. It can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, make the soil soft, improve the water and air conditions in the soil, which is conducive to the growth of root system. It can increase soil fertility and water retention performance, improve soil temperature, and promote beneficial microorganisms in the soil. The activity and reproduction of animals; the fertilizer efficiency of farm manure is long.

Hiddien weaknesses

However, most of the nutrients in unfermented and decomposed farm manure are organic or slow-acting, which can not be directly absorbed and utilized by crops. Only when they are decomposed into quick-acting state can they be absorbed and utilized by crops. Therefore, direct application of unfermented farm manure will slow down the efficiency of farm manure. Moreover, the organic fertilizer obtained by direct fermentation has higher moisture content and is not easy to preserve.

Technological implementation elements:

Based on the technical problems existing in the background technology, the invention provides a granular organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

The invention provides a granular organic fertilizer, whose raw materials include 25-30 portions of pig manure, 10-15 portions of chicken manure, 10-15 portions of cow manure, 10-15 portions of bagasse, 20-25 portions of corn straw, 7-13 portions of corncob, 10-15 portions of pond mud, 3-5 portions of beeswax and 1-3 portions of microbial fungicide.

Preferably, microbial agents include Lactobacillus fermentans, Bacillus subtilis and Candida prion-producing bacteria.

Optimally, the content of Lactobacillus fermentans, Bacillus subtilis and Candida prion-producing yeasts in microbial agents was 1 X108-3 X108 cfu/g, 3 X107-5 X107 cfu/g and 1 X107-3 X107 cfu/g respectively.

Preferably, the pond mud is the bottom sludge of lotus root culture pond, and the water content is controlled at 40-50%.

The invention provides a preparation method of the granular organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

S1. According to the proportion of raw materials, microbial agents were divided into two groups: group A microbial agents and group B microbial agents.

S2. Corn stalk powder and corncob powder were obtained by crushing corn stalk and corncob separately. Corn stalk powder was divided into two groups, namely group C corn stalk powder and group D corn stalk powder.

S3. Mix all corncob meal and C group cornstalk meal from pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure, bagasse and S2 evenly, then add A group microbial agent, mix evenly, and get fermentation substrate.

4. Put the fermentation substrates from S3 into the fermentation tank for the first stage of fermentation, add group B microbial agents, mix evenly, and ferment in the second stage to obtain the fermentation products.

S5. Mix the fermentation product from S4 with group D corn straw powder and pond mud evenly, raise the temperature to 60-70 C by heating, add melted beeswax, mix evenly, granulate and dry to get granular organic fertilizer.

Preferably, the weight ratio of group A microbial agent and group B microbial agent is 3-4:1.

Optimally, the particle sizes of corn straw powder and corncob powder in S2 were 10-20 meshes.

Optimally, the weight ratio of group C corn straw powder to group D corn straw powder was 0.5-0.8:1.

Optimally, the temperature of the first stage fermentation in S4 is 36-40 C and the time is 2-4 days.

Optimally, the temperature of the second stage fermentation in S4 is 32-36 C and the time is 8-12 days.

Preferably, the drying temperature in S5 is 50-70 C, and the moisture content is less than 2%.

Optimally, the particle size of granular organic fertilizer in S5 is 3-5 mm.

The granular organic fertilizer provided by the invention is fermented by pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure, bagasse, wheat straw and corncob, and is made into granular form by adding pond mud and beeswax, which has strong fertility and durable fertility, and can effectively improve soil, alleviate soil hardening and improve soil structure; after being used as base fertilizer before sowing, it can be applied to Zhuang village. Crops play an important role in strengthening seedlings and increasing yields.

By adding microbial agents, controlling the species, quantity, fermentation temperature and time of microbial strains, the fermentation substrates such as pig manure, cow manure and chicken manure can be fully fermented, and the macromolecular organic substances can be converted into small molecular substances that can be absorbed by plants with strong fertility. Fermentation products were mixed with pond mud, wheat straw powder and beeswax to form granular fertilizer, which was convenient for preservation and application. Pond mud is rich in nutrients and microorganisms, and it is a high-quality fertilizer. Beeswax plays a binding role. The prepared feed particles are compact and not easy to loosen. Beeswax is a natural substance secreted by bees, which can be decomposed in nature. Compared with chemical binders, beeswax is more green and environmentally friendly.

The raw materials of the invention are all from natural waste resources, so there are no side effects on crops, effectively solving the problem of farming and fertilization, reducing farmer’s planting cost and improving farmer’s income.

Specific implementation methods

Next, the technical scheme of the invention is described in detail by means of specific embodiments.

Experiments Cases 1

The invention provides a granular organic fertilizer, whose raw materials include 28 pig manure, 13 chicken manure, 11 cow manure, 14 bagasse, 23 corn straw, 9 corncob, 12 pond mud, 3.3 beeswax and 2.7 microbial agents by weight.

Microbial agents include Lactobacillus fermentans, Bacillus subtilis and Candida utilis. The contents of Lactobacillus fermentans, Bacillus subtilis and Candida prion-producing yeast in microbial agents were 1.9 *108 cfu/g, 3.2 *107 cfu/g and 2.3 *107 cfu/g respectively.

The pond sludge is the bottom sludge of lotus root aquaculture pond with water content of 43%.

Experiments Cases 2

The invention provides a granular organic fertilizer, whose raw materials include: pig manure 27, chicken manure 12, cow manure 13, bagasse 12, corn straw 24, corn cob 11, pond mud 14, beeswax 4.8, microbial agent 2.1.

Microbial agents include Lactobacillus fermentans, Bacillus subtilis and Candida utilis. The contents of Lactobacillus fermentans, Bacillus subtilis and Candida prion-producing yeast in microbial agents were 1.4 *108 cfu/g, 4.2 *107 cfu/g and 2.8 *107 cfu/g respectively.

The pond mud is the bottom sludge of lotus root aquaculture pond with water content of 46%.

Experiments Cases 3

The invention provides a granular organic fertilizer, whose raw materials include 26 pieces of pig manure, 14 pieces of chicken manure, 12 pieces of cow manure, 12 pieces of bagasse, 21 pieces of corn straw, 10 pieces of corncob, 13 pieces of pond mud, 4.2 pieces of beeswax, and 1.4 pieces of microbial agent by weight.

Microbial agents include Lactobacillus fermentans, Bacillus subtilis and Candida utilis. The contents of Lactobacillus fermentans, Bacillus subtilis and Candida prion-producing yeast in microbial agents were 2.6 *108 cfu/g, 4.7 *107 cfu/g and 1.3 *107 cfu/g respectively.

The pond mud is the bottom sludge of lotus root culture pond with water content of 48%.

Experiments Cases 4

The invention provides a preparation method of granular organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

S1. Various raw materials are weighed according to the first embodiment. Microbial agents are divided into two groups: group A microbial agents and group B microbial agents. The weight ratio of group A microbial agents and group B microbial agents is 3.4:1.

S2. Corn stalk and corncob were crushed to obtain 14-mesh corn stalk powder and 18-mesh corn cob powder respectively. Corn stalk powder was divided into two groups: group C corn stalk powder and group D corn stalk powder. The weight ratio of group C corn stalk powder and group D corn stalk powder was 0.7:1.

S3. Mix all corncob meal and C group cornstalk meal from pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure, bagasse and S2 evenly, then add A group microbial agent, mix evenly, and get fermentation substrate.

4. Put the fermentation substrate from S3 into the fermentation tank for the first stage fermentation. The temperature of the first stage fermentation is 39 C, and the fermentation time is 2.5 days. Add group B microbial agent, mix evenly and carry out the second stage fermentation. The temperature of the second stage fermentation is 34 C, and the fermentation time is 9 days. The fermentation product is obtained.

S5. Mix the fermentation product from S4 with group D corn straw powder and pond mud evenly, raise the temperature to 68 C by heating, add melted beeswax, mix evenly, and import it into the drum granulator for granulation. Dry at 55 C until the moisture content is 1.8%. The granular organic fertilizer with particle size of 4mm is obtained.

Experiments Cases 5

The invention provides a preparation method of granular organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

S1. Various raw materials were weighed according to the second embodiment. Microbial agents were divided into two groups: group A microbial agents and group B microbial agents. The weight ratio of group A microbial agents and group B microbial agents was 3.2:1.

S2. Corn straw and corncob were crushed to obtain 18-objective corn straw powder and 12-objective corn cob powder respectively. Corn straw powder was divided into two groups: group C corn straw powder and group D corn straw powder. The weight ratio of group C corn straw powder and group D corn straw powder was 0.6:1.

S3. Mix all corncob meal and C group cornstalk meal from pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure, bagasse and S2 evenly, then add A group microbial agent, mix evenly, and get fermentation substrate.

4. Put the fermentation substrate from S 3 into the fermentation tank for the first stage fermentation. The temperature of the first stage fermentation is 37 C and the fermentation time is 3.5 days. Add group B microbial agent, mix evenly and carry out the second stage fermentation. The second stage fermentation temperature is 35 C and the fermentation time is 10 days. The fermentation product is obtained.

S5. Mix the fermentation product from S4 with group D corn straw powder and pond mud evenly, raise the temperature to 66 C by heating, add melted beeswax, mix evenly, and import it into the drum granulator for granulation. Dry at 65 C until the moisture content is 1.7%. The granular organic fertilizer with particle size of 3 mm is obtained.

Experiments Cases 6

The invention provides a preparation method of granular organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

S1. Various raw materials are weighed according to the third embodiment. Microbial agents are divided into two groups: group A microbial agents and group B microbial agents. The weight ratio of group A microbial agents and group B microbial agents is 3.7:1.

S2. Corn straw and corncob were crushed separately to obtain 16-objective corn straw powder and 16-objective corn cob powder. Corn straw powder was divided into two groups: group C corn straw powder and group D corn straw powder. The weight ratio of group C corn straw powder and group D corn straw powder was 0.8:1.

S3. Mix all corncob meal and C group cornstalk meal from pig manure, chicken manure, cow manure, bagasse and S2 evenly, then add A group microbial agent, mix evenly, and get fermentation substrate.

4. Put the fermentation substrate from S 3 into the fermentation tank for the first stage fermentation. The temperature of the first stage fermentation is 38 for 3 days, add group B microbial agents, mix evenly, and carry out the second stage fermentation. The second stage fermentation temperature is 33 and fermentation lasts 11 days to obtain the fermentation products.

S5. Mix the fermentation product from S4 with group D corn straw powder and pond mud evenly, raise the temperature to 64 C by heating, add melted beeswax, mix evenly, and import it into the drum granulator for granulation. Dry at 63 C until the moisture content is 1.8%. The granular organic fertilizer with 5 mm particle size is obtained. As mentioned above, only the better specific embodiments of the present invention are provided, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the disclosed technology of the present invention, the protection of the present invention shall be covered by any technician familiar with the technical field who equally replaces or changes the technical scheme according to the present invention and its inventive conception. It is within the scope of protection.

How much Nutrients can Manure Provide?

Fertilizer, regardless of whether new, old, or manure being composted, is frequently pronounced to be a key part of maintainable farming. In innumerable preliminaries, analysts have discovered different advantages of fertilizer application , thus excrement use is advanced as an answer in dialogs of supportable horticulture subjects including: soil richness, soil wellbeing, natural cultivating, regenerative cultivating, carbon sequestration, and inexhaustible assets.

In any case, I have questions. Not about the genuine spreading of fertilizer, or figuring application rates, yet about excrement’s job in continuing farming. Is excrement a manageable wellspring of supplements? Is compost an economical natural soil change, ready to manufacture soil natural issue, store carbon in the dirt, thus help with decreasing ozone harming substances? When is excrement application a reasonable practice? Before application, you can use composting to deal with animal manure , so as to improve utilization value.

In my next couple of posts, I will respond to these inquiries with the expectation of discovering excrement’s actual job in supporting farming. To begin with, we should take a gander at the supplement providing capability of compost. Everything begins with making sense of where fertilizer originates from.

Where does fertilizer originate from?

Manure from cows, sheep, swine and poultry, isn’t that so? Well indeed, however domesticated animals are not the wellspring of the materials in fertilizer. Those materials originate from “essential makers” as researchers consider those creatures that produce “biomass” from inorganic mixes. Biomass is the stuff that living beings are made of. Our biomass is fragile living creature and bones and blood, however we, similar to animals, are not essential makers. We and they set up together our biomass from different biomass, our sustenance. Also, we both get our sustenance from plants. Plants are essential makers since they don’t live on the biomass of different life forms. They get vitality from daylight and from it produce biomass.

Here’s the procedure. Daylight falls on plants, which change light vitality into profitable feed, which ranchers collect and transport to domesticated animals who eat it and produce fertilizer. Fertilizer, at that point, originates from plants, explicitly from harvests developed on fields. In spite of the fact that the feed (crop biomass) is changed as it experiences animals – microbes and different living beings are included, some sloughing of domesticated animals tissue happens – everything in fertilizer is gotten from the feed. This is significant in light of the fact that it implies that excrement generation is attached legitimately to trim creation.

What amount of excrement would we be able to deliver?

To ascertain the compost created per section of land, we have to know one thing about this procedure. What are the misfortunes? Between the harvest in field and compost on the ground, the greatest misfortune is to the animals themselves. Some misfortune goes to delivering steaks, chicken bosoms, or sausage, the rest to giving the fundamental vitality needs of living creatures. There are likewise misfortunes at gather, in vehicle, and misfortunes in recuperating the compost (accumulation and transport).

Here are the misfortunes from field to domesticated animals and back to handle (percent of starting dry solids lost):

57-81% among feed and new, discharged fertilizer

4-8% lost in gathering and transport (10-40% of discharged fertilizer, NRCS 1995)

It isn’t simply natural issue that is lost, supplements are likewise lost, however we’ll get to that.

From a harvest in a field to the excrement being connected to a field, the all out loss of dry issue is 61-89%, alongside the related supplements. Presently we can begin with a feed harvest yield, apply the misfortunes above, and discover the measure of excrement created per section of land.

In a feedlot, chicken or swine farm, or in a kept dairy, domesticated animals apportions are blends of grains, vegetables (for the most part soybeans), and rummage (feed and silage). They all end up as excrement, and that compost is connected some place, so we can rearrange this by taking a gander at only one yield. Corn (and corn silage, see most ideal situation underneath) is a decent one since it is developed in numerous pieces of the nation, primarily for feed, and makes up an enormous piece of numerous animals proportions.

Here are the subsequent numbers:

Low situation: 1.6 tons compost per section of land

The low situation utilizes the normal US corn yield of 174 bu./air conditioning, sustained to meat for completing, with 70% misfortune to domesticated animals, a 15% misfortune in excrement recuperation, and fertilizer at 33% dampness.

High situation: 5.7 tons excrement per section of land

The high situation utilizes 30 ton/air conditioning corn silage yield at 65% dampness, bolstered to creating dairy cows, with a 57% misfortune to domesticated animals, a 20% misfortune in excrement recuperation, and compost at 33% dampness.

What is OFP?

What is organic fertilizer products?


Carbon-containing materials, mainly from plants and/or animals, are applied to the soil to provide plant nutrition as its main function. Processed from biomass, animal and plant waste and plant residue, it eliminates toxic and harmful substances, and is rich in a large number of beneficial substances, including a variety of organic acids, peptides and rich nutrients including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. It not only provides comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also has long fertilizer efficiency. It can increase and renew soil organic matter, promote microbial reproduction, improve soil physical and chemical properties and biological activity. It is the main nutrient in green food production.

New Industrial Standards for Organic Fertilizers

History


In Roman times, farmers found that when they planted cereals in fields where legumes were grown, their yields increased. Therefore, they noticed that bacteria could enrich the nutrients in agricultural soils. Until the 19th century, alfalfa growers in Germany and some soybean growers in the United States used the soil of alfalfa or soybean fields to transfer inoculation to new farmlands, thus increasing crop yields.

In 1838, J.B. Boussingault, a French agricultural chemist, discovered that legumes fix nitrogen. The first agricultural test station was established in 1843, and the yield and components of various crop rotation systems were analyzed accurately.


From 1886 to 1888, H. Hellriegal, a German scientist, proved that leguminous plants could fix nitrogen in the atmosphere only by forming rhizobium.

In 1888, M. W. Beijerinck, a Dutch scholar, isolated rhizobium, which was a breakthrough in microbial fertilizer. It is now clear that it is the role of rhizobia. The discovery of these bacteria prompted the first American company, Natel, to produce and sell soil bacterial inoculants in 1898. Since then, many bacterial preparations have been used for seed dressing and coating of soil and crop seeds.


In the 1920s, some new microbial agents were used in field soils and crops, but their effects were not satisfactory.

In the 1940s, the United States Department of Agriculture issued a biopesticide license. So far, more than 20 different microbial products have been used for this purpose.


In 1937, Krasinikov and Missouskin, Soviet microbiologists, developed the Nitrogen Fixation Bacteria Agent. Thus, it pioneered the bacterial fertilizer. For various reasons, the large-scale production of this kind of microbial fertilizer has been stopped successively.

Around 1940, a bio-fertilizer, mainly cyanobacteria (algae), was developed for paddy fields in Asia. It still plays an important role in sustainable agriculture.

Recent poblems met in the industry


Regardless of the history of biofertilizers, microbial agents continue to advance. Since the 1980s, people have paid great attention to biological fertilizers for environment and crops. The reason is that these products can effectively solve some problems, especially pollution-free and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is very difficult to develop a kind of fertilizer with the function of eliminating environmental pollution.

Thetop 4 culties lie in:

(1) a microorganism has the function of providing plant nutrition (such as nitrogen-fixing genes), but not necessarily the ability to decompose pollution (that is, decompose substance genes). Gene transfer is very difficult and requires huge investment.

(2) There are many kinds of soil pollutants, more than 105 kinds of substances have polluted the environment. These pollutants differ in structure and chemical composition, so it is impossible to mix 105 microorganisms together to make preparations. Gene transfer is more difficult to achieve;

(3) The principles and strains of biopesticides and bio-herbicides are very different, and in principle they are one kind of fungus. So it can only be made into a single bacterium agent. And it takes a long time to play its role.

(4) Some microbial agents in bio-fertilizers are not typical soil microorganisms. When the microbial agents are applied to the soil, they are difficult to survive, and usually can only maintain shelf life for three months before use.

Definition


Farmhouse manure, commonly known as farm manure, consists of various animal, plant residues or metabolites, such as human and animal manure, straw, animal residues, slaughterhouse waste, etc.


In addition, it also includes cake fertilizer (rapeseed cake, cottonseed cake, bean cake, sesame cake, castor cake, tea seed cake, etc.); composting; fertilizer retting; stables manure; biogas manure; green manure, etc.
It is mainly by supplying organic matter to improve soil physical and chemical properties and promote plant growth and soil ecosystem cycle.

Part of “Organic Fertilizer in Broad Sense” Varieties:


Composting: A kind of fertilizer made from various kinds of orange stalks, deciduous leaves, grass, animal and plant residues, human and animal manure, which are mixed in proportion with each other or mixed with a small amount of soil for aerobic fermentation and decomposition.


Fertilizer: Fertilizer is produced by fermentation under submerged conditions, using the same raw materials as compost.


Barnyard manure: fertilizer made from pig and cattle, horses, sheep, chickens, ducks and other livestock and poultry waste and straw padding.


Biogas Fertilizer: In sealed biogas digesters, organic matter decomposes to produce by-products of biogas, including biogas liquor and residue.


Green manure: The use of cultivated or wild green plants as fertilizers. Such as mung beans, broad beans, sweet clover, sesbania, alfalfa, vetch and so on. Non-leguminous green manure includes ryegrass, fertile radish, sunflower, Manjiang red, water hyacinth, water peanut and so on.


Crop straw: Crop straw is one of the important fertilizer varieties. Crop straw contains N, P, K, Ca, s and other nutrients necessary for crops.
Under suitable conditions, these elements are mineralized and then returned to the soil through the action of soil microorganisms, so that they can be absorbed and utilized by crops.